USCIS issues new guidance on good moral character for naturalization applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued a new policy memorandum on November 4, 2026. The document explains how the agency will evaluate good moral character for naturalization applicants. This review considers honesty, lawfulness, and the fulfillment of personal and financial responsibilities.

Applicants must generally demonstrate good moral character during the three or five years before applying. However, USCIS may consider conduct from earlier periods if it is relevant to present character. Past tax misconduct or public benefits fraud may still matter if the applicant has not shown a change in behavior.

The guidance clarifies that financial difficulties or lawful receipt of assistance do not automatically disqualify an applicant. USCIS must consider individual circumstances rather than applying blanket denials. The agency distinguishes between deliberate misconduct and unintentional mistakes or inability to pay.

USCIS may examine whether applicants fulfilled financial responsibilities toward children or other dependents. Deliberately refusing to pay child support despite having resources can negatively affect an application. Even without a court order, the agency may assess whether reasonable support was provided.

The memorandum also addresses the use of government benefits and immigration sponsorship obligations. USCIS may investigate if applicants deliberately avoided work to remain eligible for assistance. It may also review whether sponsors failed to provide required financial support to family members they sponsored.

The agency plans to revise Form N-400 to collect more information on these financial matters. Officers will receive further guidance as these changes are implemented. Applicants may face additional questions about their support obligations and benefit history during the process.